https://tede.unisantos.br/handle/tede/1 2026-04-19T11:51:20Z https://tede.unisantos.br/handle/tede/8116 Title: A Global Gateway da União Européia e a conectividade sustentável internacional nas tecnologias digitais Abstract: of digital technology, the European Union introduces the Global Gateway, a new political and economic strategy aimed at promoting smart, clean, and secure digital connections, thereby strengthening global health, transportation, education, and research systems. This thesis examines the Global Gateway from the perspective of International Environmental Law, focusing on the promotion of sustainable international connectivity for digital technologies. The core research problem lies in understanding how this strategy contributes to digital connectivity aligned with sustainability, global environmental governance, and the protection of socioeconomic rights. The hypothesis asserts that the Global Gateway represents a new paradigm of environmental governance, built upon pillars that integrate environmental sustainability, social responsibility, and sound governance practices. The justification stems from a notable gap in the legal-environmental doctrine regarding the analysis of this strategy, considering its global impact at the intersection of environmental governance, digital connectivity, and the energy transition, particularly within the context of the integration processes driven by the European Union.The general objective is to analyze how the Global Gateway contributes to consolidating a sustainable digital connectivity model that complies with international normative frameworks for environmental protection. Specific objectives include analyzing the historical and institutional formation of the European Union; investigating the legal foundations, principles, financial instruments, and governance mechanisms of the strategy; assessing the socio-environmental impacts of the projects under development; conducting a critical comparison with the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI); and providing elements for the academic and political debate on the interconnections between International Environmental Law, digital transformation, energy transition, and sustainable development. It also explores the importance of infrastructure and the formulation of public policies based on global governance principles. Methodologically, the research adopts a qualitative, exploratory approach, anchored in the deductive method, supported by extensive bibliographical analysis. The results demonstrate that the Global Gateway functions both as a paradigmatic geopolitical and economic instrument and as a tool capable of fostering development aligned with the Paris Agreement. Furthermore, it reinforces the European Union’s role as an agent of transformation within the global environmental governance framework by overcoming the traditional donor-beneficiary logic, with investments particularly directed towards countries in the Global South. The strategy seeks to extend the EU’s innovative political-economic model, rooted in the spirit of regional integration and in the promotion of sustainable infrastructure within a market-oriented framework. This allows partner states not only to develop their own economies but also to create business opportunities for EU Member States. Additionally, the initiative’s positive impact on sustainable development is highlighted, particularly in advancing the UN 2030 Agenda, by strengthening an economy designed for all and by all, aligned with the win-win outcomes characteristic of a collaborative international governance system. This success fosters its continuity and potential replication by other decision-making entities at the international level. The conclusion confirms the initial hypothesis, emphasizing that sustainable digital connectivity serves as a cornerstone for reshaping contemporary international relations by fostering a more inclusive, resilient, democratic, and environmentally sustainable international order.; RESUMEN Para responder a la nueva configuración del mundo impulsada por el avance irreversible de la tecnología digital, la Unión Europea presenta la Global Gateway, una estrategia político-económica orientada a promover conexiones digitales inteligentes, limpias y seguras, fortaleciendo así los sistemas mundiales de salud, transporte, educación e investigación. La presente tesis analiza la Global Gateway desde la perspectiva del Derecho Internacional Ambiental, con un enfoque en la promoción de la conectividad internacional sostenible de las tecnologías digitales. El problema central radica en comprender de qué manera esta estrategia contribuye a una conectividad digital alineada con la sostenibilidad, la gobernanza ambiental global y la protección de los derechos socioeconómicos. Se parte de la hipótesis de que la Global Gateway representa un nuevo paradigma de gobernanza ambiental, sustentado en pilares que integran sostenibilidad ambiental, responsabilidad social y buenas prácticas de gobernanza. La justificación de la investigación surge de la evidente laguna existente en la doctrina jurídica ambiental respecto al análisis de esta estrategia, considerando su impacto global en la intersección entre gobernanza ambiental, conectividad digital y transición energética, especialmente en el contexto de los procesos de integración promovidos por la Unión Europea. El objetivo general consiste en analizar cómo la Global Gateway contribuye a la consolidación de un modelo de conectividad digital sostenible y compatible con los marcos normativos internacionales de protección ambiental. Como objetivos específicos se destacan: el análisis de la formación histórica e institucional de la Unión Europea; la investigación de los fundamentos, principios, instrumentos financieros y mecanismos de gobernanza de la estrategia; la evaluación de los impactos socioambientales de los proyectos en desarrollo; la comparación crítica con la Belt and Road Initiative (BRI); y el aporte de elementos que nutran el debate académico y político sobre los vínculos entre el Derecho Internacional Ambiental, la transformación digital, la transición energética y el desarrollo sostenible, así como la importancia de la infraestructura y de la formulación de políticas públicas basadas en principios de gobernanza global. Metodológicamente, se adopta un enfoque cualitativo, de carácter exploratorio, anclado en el método deductivo y sustentado en un riguroso análisis bibliográfico y documental. Los resultados demuestran que la Global Gateway no es solo un instrumento paradigmático de proyección geopolítica y económica, sino también un medio eficaz para fomentar el desarrollo sostenible, alineado con los compromisos del Acuerdo de París. Refuerza, además, el papel de la Unión Europea como agente transformador en el escenario de la gobernanza ambiental global, superando la lógica tradicional de donante y beneficiario, dado que las inversiones se dirigen especialmente a los países del Sur Global. La estrategia busca extender el modelo político-económico innovador propio de la Unión Europea, basado en el espíritu del proceso integrador y en la promoción de infraestructuras sostenibles bajo una lógica de mercado, permitiendo que sus socios estatales no solo desarrollen sus propias economías, sino que también generen oportunidades de negocio para los Estados miembros. Asimismo, se destaca el impacto positivo de la iniciativa en el desarrollo sostenible y en el cumplimiento de la Agenda 2030 de las Naciones Unidas, especialmente por el fortalecimiento de una economía pensada para todos y construida por todos, dentro de un modelo de gobernanza internacional colaborativa de resultados mutuamente beneficiosos. La conclusión confirma la hipótesis inicial, destacando que la conectividad digital sostenible constituye un pilar fundamental para la reconfiguración de las relaciones internacionales contemporáneas, promoviendo un orden internacional más inclusivo, resiliente, democrático y ambientalmente sostenible. Type: Tese 2025-09-09T00:00:00Z https://tede.unisantos.br/handle/tede/8115 Title: Organização internacional do trabalho: uma abordagem sobre a desconstrução dos direitos sociais e o combate à precarização do trabalho no Brasil. 2025 Abstract: The growing precarization of labor relations, intensified by normative reforms and the expansion of the platform economy, has challenged the effectiveness of social rights in Brazil. Within this context, the research examines the role of the International Labour Organization (ILO) in the construction and deconstruction of such rights, seeking to understand the extent to which International Law can contribute to containing setbacks. The relevance of the study lies in the ILO’s unique position as a global normative and political framework, whose minimum labor protection standards interact directly with Brazilian constitutional principles. A deductive, qualitative approach was adopted, based on bibliographic and documentary research, and guided by juridical-dogmatic and comparative methods. The findings show that although the ILO has significant regulatory and supervisory instruments, its effectiveness in Brazil is conditioned by domestic incorporation, political will, union mobilization, and judicial performance. The analysis of the 2017 Labour Reform and the platform economy highlights the tension between flexibilization and social protection, revealing the ILO mainly as a critical benchmark and a tool of resistance against labor rights setbacks.; RESUMEN El creciente proceso de precarización de las relaciones laborales, intensificado por reformas normativas y por la expansión de la economía de plataformas, ha puesto en cuestión la efectividad de los derechos sociales en Brasil. En este contexto, la investigación analiza la actuación de la Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT) en la construcción y deconstrucción de esos derechos, buscando comprender en qué medida el Derecho Internacional puede contribuir a contener retrocesos. La relevancia del estudio deriva del papel singular de la OIT como eje normativo y político global, cuyos parámetros mínimos de tutela laboral dialogan con los principios constitucionales brasileños. Para ello, se adopta un enfoque deductivo, de naturaleza cualitativa, basado en investigación bibliográfica y documental. Los resultados demuestran que, aunque la OIT dispone de instrumentos de normativización y control, su efectividad en Brasil está condicionada a la incorporación normativa, a la voluntad política, a la movilización sindical y a la actuación del Poder Judicial. El análisis de la Reforma Laboral de 2017 y de la economía de plataformas evidencia tensiones entre flexibilización y protección social, revelando a la OIT sobre todo como un parámetro crítico y de resistencia frente a retrocesos laborales. Type: Dissertação 2025-10-08T00:00:00Z https://tede.unisantos.br/handle/tede/8114 Title: Percepções dos/as professores/as sobre o ensino de cálculos matemáticos em engenharia: acolhendo estudantes com defasagem da educação básica Abstract: The challenges encountered by students entering Engineering programs—particularly those related to the teaching and learning of Mathematical Calculations—continue to represent a significant challenge within the context of Brazilian education. Grounded in the theoretical frameworks of Paulo Freire (1996, 2005, 2013a) and Pierre Bourdieu (1997, 1998a, 1998b), this thesis explores teachers’ perceptions of their pedagogical practices, emphasizing the challenges that emerge from the learning gaps carried over from Basic Education. Additional theoretical contributions (Altet, 1994, 1996, 2000, 2005; Abdalla, 2006, 2011, 2015, 2017a, 2021, 2024; Tardif, 2014) have also informed this study, particularly in addressing discussions on the teaching and learning process, with an emphasis on the demands of teacher education and the development of approaches aimed at welcoming and including students in the educational environment. There are also contributions from authors who focus on mathematics education, taught in a contextualized and meaningful way, with a view to welcoming situations. Among them are: Skemp (1976), Skovsmose (2000), Borba and Penteado (2001), Silva (2001), Franco (2004), Alexander (2008), D’Ambrosio (2012), and Freeman et al. (2014), Bianchini, Lima and Gomes (2019). Methodologically, this research employs a qualitative approach, structured around three key data collection instruments: a questionnaire administered to 20 participants, individual interviews conducted with 15 teachers, and a Discussion Group comprising 9 teachers. Drawing on Bardin’s (1977) content analysis technique, two analytical dimensions were established, each corresponding to teachers’ perceptions regarding the teaching of Calculations within the context of Engineering education. The first dimension focuses on the challenges that must be addressed to effectively embrace students. It highlights the category “The Learning Process in Teaching Calculations,” which unfolds into three units of meaning: the educational gaps observed among incoming students, the anxiety associated with learning mathematics, and the necessity for teachers to engage in reflective practices aimed at fostering an inclusive and supportive learning environment. The second focuses on the perspectives to be achieved in the process of supporting students. It introduces the category “Pedagogical Practices Aimed at Embracing Engineering Students,” which is divided into three units of meaning: the needs and expectations related to teacher training, the contrast between traditional and innovative teaching methodologies, and the emergence of new perspectives for promoting inclusion and fostering a more welcoming educational environment for engineering students. The analyses reveal the necessity of reinforcing continuing teacher education and re-evaluating institutional policies to ensure more consistent and meaningful support for teaching practices. The findings indicate that, while welcoming and inclusive practices are evident in both the discourse and certain actions of the teachers, considerable limitations persist—particularly concerning the effectiveness of these practices when confronted with the wide diversity of student profiles and the structural fragilities present within educational institutions. They underscore the urgent need to broaden formative and diagnostic initiatives at the onset of undergraduate programs, and to invest: first, in teacher training as a continuous and institutionalized policy; second, in the didactic reorganization of teaching practices, aiming to establish dialogical and discursive routines that encourage participation, the sharing of experiences, and the strengthening of the students’ engagement and sense of belonging; third, in welcoming as a structured element of the learning process, providing dedicated times and spaces for reflecting on and problematizing learning through dialogue; and fourth, in improving institutional conditions that sustain pedagogical changes and innovations, thereby fostering collective and collaborative planning, promoting more welcoming and inclusive didactic and pedagogical contexts for students, and creating opportunities to integrate and disseminate successful practices already present within the institutions. Finally, this study aims to provide both theoretical and practical contributions to the enhancement of mathematics teaching, with the broader objective of helping to reduce learning inequalities within engineering programs. Type: Tese 2025-12-17T00:00:00Z https://tede.unisantos.br/handle/tede/8113 Title: A reflexividade docente no contexto da atual política educativa da rede Estadual Paulista Abstract: This research addresses the theme of teacher reflexivity and the current educational policy of the São Paulo state school system, focusing on High School teachers from a public school located in the city of Praia Grande, state of São Paulo. In the context of the current administration of Governor Tarcísio de Freitas (Republicanos), initiated in 2023, there is a noticeable advancement of neoliberal perspectives and the managerialist model of education over the policies and practices of the São Paulo state system. Since the beginning of this administration, the State Education Department, led by Renato Feder, has been implementing new procedures and regulations that directly impact teachers, administrators, and students. These changes have sparked debates and concerns among education professionals, who have been compelled to follow more centralized and rigid guidelines based on an official curriculum, which has limited pedagogical flexibility in the classroom and teaching autonomy. Consequently, this research sought to answer the following question: in what way do the structural, institutional, and pedagogical conditions within the scope of the current educational policy of the São Paulo state system affect the possibility of critical reflection by High School teachers regarding their daily school practice? The research's theoretical foundations include the works of Pimenta and Ghedin (2012), Zeichner (1993), and Freire (1996). Adopting a qualitative approach, the investigation employed the following methodological procedures: document analysis, literature review, and semi-structured interviews. The research results demonstrate that the strengthening of control, standardization, and accountability mechanisms has strained teaching practice, weakening spaces for autonomy and reflection, while simultaneously giving rise to movements of contestation, dialogue, and critical reconstruction of pedagogical work within the school. Type: Dissertação 2026-03-03T00:00:00Z