Vigilância do óbito : comparando a mortalidade fetal com a neonatal precose

Abstract

Introduction: Surveillance of death is Ministry of Health's strategy to improve the quality and reliability of the Mortality Information System and the regional diagnosis of the health situation. Its achievement enhances the identification of risk factors and situations associated with perinatal mortality, and helps direct investment in public policies that culminate with the reduction of this undesirable outcome. It should be the responsibility of federal entities and professionals of Surveillance and Health Care. The component fetal mortality, even though prevalent, is still invisible to managers, health professionals and researchers. The components of perinatal mortality share the same circumstances because the studies are limited to neonatal or perinatal period. Objective: To compare the behavior of the characteristics of perinatal mortality in their subgroups: early fetal and neonatal mothers residing in the city of Campina Grande/PB in the years 2013 and 2014. Methodology: Cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study, which uses chips death investigation: outpatient, home and hospital. The independent variables were taken from data from death investigation files in four non-hierarchical groups: socioeconomic and demographic data, medical history, current pregnancy and related to newborn alive/stillbirth. The dependent variable is: perinatal death (stillbirth and early neonatal death). The independent variables were: color, mother's age, education, race, paid work, mate, passive smoking, smoking, alcohol, drugs, VDRL, urinary tract infection, hypertension, diabetes, previous abortion, previous stillbirth, stunted pathologies, first prenatal consultation, number of queries, type of pregnancy, type of prenatal office accreditation, newborn weight, sex, type of delivery, fetus malformations. The variables of the groups were submitted to the description of absolute and relative frequencies and bivariate analysis by calculating the prevalence ratio (RP), and that showed statistically significant (p . 0.15) were for multiple Poisson regression. the adjusted RP were calculated and considered statistically significant (p . 0.05). Results: 248 perinatal deaths were analyzed. In the multiple model were significant: maternal education ""8 to 11 years of study"" with RP 1.19 (95% CI 1.0-1.4) and p = 0.04; the ""high-risk prenatal"" with RP 1.14 (95% CI 1.03-1.27) and p = 0.01; the ""Caesarean section"" with RP 0.82 (95% CI 0.74 to 0.91) and p <0.01; the ""weight"" less than 1000 grams with RP 0.81 (0.69 to 0.95); p <0.01; and ""defects"" to RP 0.75 (95% CI 0.64 to 0.88) and p <0.01. Conclusion: There are differences to be explored by other studies, between stillbirth and early neonatal. This study showed that prenatal ""high risk"", the range of 8 to 11 years of study were more likely to evolve to fetal death. While fetus malformations, caesarean section and weighing less than 1000 grams need quality neonatal care, as they are more susceptible to early neonatal death. It is of great value to use health surveillance instruments to qualify the diagnosis of perinatal mortality, and point out ways to reduce fetal mortality.