Análise da cobertura vacinal e taxa de abandono da vacina contra o sarampo na Região Metropolitana da Baixada Santista entre 2016 e 2021

Abstract

Introduction: measles is one of the most contagious diseases in the world that mainly affects children under 5 years of age, malnourished and immunocompromised people. Vaccination is the best cost-benefit strategy and plays an important role in eliminating, interrupting transmission, reducing the incidence of vaccine-preventable diseases such as measles, in addition to significantly reducing the infant mortality rate. Objective: to analyze vaccination coverage (VC) and measles vaccine abandonment rate in the Metropolitan Region of Baixada Santista (RMBS) between 2016 and 2021. Methodology: mixed ecological study using secondary data in the public domain. Vaccination coverage and dropout rates were calculated and categorized by municipality and year studied. Descriptive analysis, chi square test, Kruskall-Wallis test, Dunn comparisons and spatial autocorrelation analysis were performed using Moran's global and local indices and construction of thematic maps. Results: it was observed, during the study period, that few municipalities in the RMBS (less than or equal to 44.4% per year) achieved adequate CV in the first dose of the vaccine and only one (11.1% per year) in the second dose alternating between three municipalities, Praia Grande, Santos and Itanhaém. RMBS showed a high dropout rate and São Vicente had the highest value among the years studied. Negative spatial autocorrelation was observed in both CV and dropout rate in the years studied. In 2018, there was a positive spatial association for the dropout rate. Final Considerations: measles CV showed a downward trend in the years studied, more pronounced in the second dose and, consequently, dropout rates were high due to the incompleteness of the vaccination schedule. The spatial analysis made it possible to verify areas that need more attention in vaccination actions. The need to intensify immunization strategies to recover CV and prevent the resurgence of vaccine-preventable diseases is demonstrated.