Soberania, (des)globalização e os desafios na implementação do ODS 13

Abstract

This research examines the issue of state sovereignty in the context of deglobalization, which hinders the implementation of the climate targets of Sustainable Development Goal 13 (SDG 13). The deglobalization movement reinforces nationalism and the pursuit of a centralized and state-centric sovereignty, undermining the international cooperation necessary to advance the climate goals of SDG 13. Entitled "Sovereignty, (De)globalization, and the Challenges in Implementing SDG 13," the study employs the hypothetical-deductive method and a methodology that combines bibliographic research—including scientific articles, doctrinal works, and specialized literature on sovereignty, globalization, deglobalization, climate change, and international politics—with documentary research to analyze treaties and international norms within the climate legal regime. The analysis is structured around three axes: (a) conceptual and normative aspects of sovereignty and globalization; (b) global governance, focusing on the International Climate Change Regime, the 2030 Agenda, and new international actors; and (c) the deglobalization process, its impacts on climate policies and SDG 13, as well as the use of climate litigation and paradiplomacy to mitigate its effects. In conclusion, deglobalization, initially aimed at reorienting national economies, has evolved into a protectionist and nationalist political process, compromising global governance and, specifically, global policies such as the Paris Agreement and SDG 13. Therefore, to mitigate the effects of the centralization of state sovereignty resulting from deglobalization, it is essential to strengthen multilateralism and adopt more comprehensive strategies, such as paradiplomacy and climate litigation, to ensure the implementation of the targets set by SDG 13.