A tutela jurídica do patrimônio histórico e cultural: o exemplo do centro histórico de João Pessoa.

Abstract

This study aimed to contribute to the study of the legal guardianship of the cultural environment. The starting point of the work was to investigate the exact understanding of what is culture and what is its real significance for the people. Given these basic assumptions, we understand that it is the cultural heritage that comes including the core values of civilization and, therefore, the rule of law. The second step was to define the goals of the study of the cultural environment within the Environmental Law, understanding the categories that make up the right to environment. The research used bibliographical material to assert the evolution of the concept of culture and heritage, to the end to understand the current state of the art on the subject. Completed the fundamental theoretical goals of the research, went to identify the subject of the proposal problematic chosen, namely, the current degradation state of João Pessoa city's historic center and the reflections in the legal system. Early on we realized that the deterioration of historic centers is a recurrent problem in historic cities not only in Brazil but around the world. With further research we realized the complexity of the problem of degradation of the historic centers, which have not only a cause, but many, which were duly addressed in the research. We were able to study some examples of executed projects that aimed to reverse the process of degradation with the correction of the urbanization process. In this context we study the City Statute and the regulatory legal standard of urban policy provided for in the Federal Constitution, whose main goal is to make sustainable cities, which is consistent exactly with the research proposal. Among various institutes created in the City Statute we chose to study the institute of the Environmental Impact Study and the - EIV Neighborhood Impact Study, which we believe apply perfectly to the protection of Historical and Cultural Heritage of Historic Centres, particularly in the Historic Center city of Joao Pessoa. In addition to these City Statute institutes also studied other legal guardianships of historical and cultural heritage as the Administrative Misconduct Law and Civil Action, which, together with other legal guardianships, have shown to be effective in the control of urban development, notably the conservation and restoration of historic buildings and archaeological sites in Joao Pessoa Historic Centre.