Fatores associados às violências perpetradas contra travestis no contexto familiar

Abstract

Objectives: This study had as objectives: to estimate the factors associated with violence experienced by transvestites in the family context; to understand the process of violence experienced in the transvestites' daily family life and to identify the prevailing types of violence that transvestites face in the family environment. Method: This was a cross-sectional study that integrates the broader project entitled ""Equality, Health, Tolerance: Building Bridges in the Universe of Transvestites, Transsexuals and Transgendered People"", whose data collection was carried out by means of a convenience sample. The questionnaire was sent to Social Networks (Facebook) from February to April 2017. This study was carried out with a sub-sample of 672 transvestites and the dependent variable analyzed was violence in the family context, categorized into ""physical/sexual"", ""verbal/psychological"" and ""none"". The independent variables were: birth gender, age, race/color, marital status, religion, education, sexual orientation, family acceptance and being expelled from home. All variables were described by means of absolute and relative frequency. Multinominal Logistic Regression was used to analyze the associated factors In the final model, significant variables are maintained. The level of significance adopted was 5%. Results: The results showed that the variable Age is a relevant factor in determining family violence, whether psychological and physical and/or sexual. Regarding schooling, it was demonstrated that there are greater chances of the occurrence of violence in people with less education, being the investment in human capital through the qualification in the studies a factor of protection to violence. Most of the individuals researched did not finish basic education, only 3.72% had completed higher education, a condition that is closely related to family violence, whether psychological or physical. The probability that some transvestites suffer psychological violence is 5.66 times higher for those who are afraid to assume their identity. The same is true for physical and sexual violence (OR = 4.04). The percentage of transvestites who said it was easy to assume their identity was approximately 6.27%. The majority found it complicated and fearful, together accounting for more than 68% of the total interviewees. Regarding the variable Expelled (a) from home, the study showed that the fact that a transvestite who was expelled from home suffered physical and/or sexual violence is almost 3.96 times greater than those who had some family acceptance in the raw model and 3.09 times greater in the adjusted model. It was also seen that 33.63% of the total transvestites surveyed were expelled from home. Regarding the variable Profession, transvestites who work as sex professionals presented higher chances of suffering physical and/or sexual violence (OR = 2.81). In addition, professions such as telemarketing (OR = 6.75) and Prevention Agent (OR = 4.02) also presented significant probabilities. However, after the inclusion of the adjusted model, none of the professions did not have significant influences on the types of violence. Conclusion: The observed data indicate that the daily life of transvestites is still marked by prejudice, discrimination and violence, mainly in what concerns the family and the social spaces in which they pass through, going through the difficulty of access to formal jobs and insertion to academic formation spaces. In this sense, it is of extreme importance the implementation of public policies directed not only to the prevention of diseases and the fight against sexual exploitation, but also to policies of inclusion in family, school and work.