Análise da cobertura vacinal contra poliomielite em crianças menores de 1 ano de idade nos Municípios do Estado da Paraíba

Abstract

Introduction: The vaccine has a important task in public health service and it is the main player for control and elimination of many immunopreventable diseases. Based on that, it was created in 1973 the National Immunization Program with the aim of making a immunization routine on brazilian population. There is a drop in Brazil¿s vaccination coverage in 2016 and consequently a return of measles, besides putting back the risk of some diseases as Polio. Objective: To analyze the vaccination coverage of the polio vaccine in children under 1 year of age in the municipalities of the State of Paraíba in 2016. Methods: It¿s about a mixed ecological study who used secondary datas of applied doses which were obtained by the Information System of the National Immunization Program (SI-PNI), live births number from the Live Birth Information System (SINASC), database of the IT department that came from Brazil¿s Public Health System (DATASUS). We also used socioeconomic indicators from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). It was made a calculation of the vaccination coverage in Polio vaccine and dropout rate, stratified by the Paraíba¿s county based on standards set by PNI. Were made descriptive analysis, chi-square test and logistic regression analysis. For vaccination coverage mapping and dropout rate it was used 3.10 QGIS software. For the remaining analysis it was used the 24.0 SPSS, using a 5% level of significance. Results: only 29,6% of Paraíba¿s county didn¿t reach the goal stablished by PNI, while 43,0% presented a high dropout rate and 28,8% a proper vaccination coverage with a low dropout rate. Paraíba¿s county presented a 47,9% kind of homogeneity (that¿s considered low). On the multiple logistic regression analysis the counties with percentage of people at home acessing water supply and sanitation (OR: 4,5) and population at home percentage with density >2 people/dormitory (OR:3,0) had more chances to a low vaccine coverage, the counties with illiteracy rate per person over 18 years old (OR: 0,40) and percentage of live births who applied 7 or more appointments on PNI in 2016 (OR: 0,15) had less chances of a low vaccine coverage. Conclusion: The search for Polio¿s erradication is a battle that can not stop and the best way to fight this disease is through vaccination.