Fatores associados ao bem estar subjetivo nas duas maiores cidades brasileiras

Abstract

Subjective well-being is self-perception, affective and cognitive about positive and negative affects and satisfaction with one's own life. The presence of high levels of subjective well-being favors several areas of human life, such as health and longevity. The objective of this work was to investigate the factors associated with subjective well-being in the two largest Brazilian cities. The study has a cross-sectional design, with a multi-stage stratified probabilistic sample of the general population of the cities of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. The total of respondents was 3744 individuals. The instruments applied were: Sociodemographic Questionnaire; Social Capital Questionnaire; Resilience Scale (RS); Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI); and the Brazilian Short Version of the Subjetive Well-being (SUBI). The subjective well-being variable was dichotomized into better and worse using the frequency distribution accumulated in the total sample, including the two cities, and using the 70% percentile to establish the cutoff level. The analyzes of the association between subjective well-being and independent variables were performed using Poisson regression and calculated using prevalence ratios (PR) in the Stata 10 software. Three Poisson regression models were constructed with the dependent variable the level of well-being, controlled by demographic, social and mental health variables; a model for the total sample and one for each of the cities. Results: the factors associated with subjective well-being in São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro were different, except for depressive disorders. In São Paulo, the worst subjective well-being was associated with participation in social groups (PR = 1.07); and to the diagnosis of depressive disorder, with an association directly associated with the severity of the symptoms, moderate (PR = 1.16) and severe (PR = 1.18). In Rio de Janeiro, the worst subjective well-being was also associated with the diagnosis of severe depressive disorder (PR = 1.36), but inversely associated with the harmful use of alcohol (PR = 0.85) and help in social groups (PR = 0.93). In the analysis that included both cities (SP and RJ), the fact of living in the city of Rio de Janeiro was inversely associated with worse subjective well-being (PR = 0.95), and was associated with conditions of moderate depressive disorder (PR = 1.15) and severe (PR = 1.21) and participation in social groups (PR = 1.05). Conclusion: the results of the study showed some differences that disagree with what is found in the literature, such as the harmful use of alcohol being inversely associated with the worst subjective well-being in Rio de Janeiro and participation in social groups being associated with the worst well-being. being subjective in São Paulo, which makes us think about the importance of mediating the socio-cultural context in the perception of the well-being of the populations. This hypothesis is reinforced by the fact that these two largest Brazilian cities differ considerably in their economic, demographic, social organization, working conditions, leisure and values.