Escolas normais paulistas (1950-1970) : uma análise a partir de práticas pedagógicas e de narrativas de formação

Abstract

Pedagogical practices are educational practices that are organized to concretize certain pedagogical intentions. The objective of this work is to understand the main pedagogical practices that characterized the normal schools of São Paulo from the 1950s to the 1970s. It is a qualitative research with elements of narrative research that was constructed through bibliography review, interviews and documentary analysis. Information was collected in the Library of the School of Education of the University of São Paulo, in the Archive and Library of the former Normal School of Campinas and in the personal collection of the interviewees. The research initially investigated the historical aspects of the normal Brazilian and São Paulo school and the implications of public policies in teacher training. The theoretical references on the historical aspects were of Villela, Saviani and Almeida. It addressed concepts, aspects and dilemmas in the formation of multipurpose teachers. Regarding teacher training issues, the references were from Pimenta, Franco, Marcelo Garcia, Nóvoa and Libâneo. The research articulated a dialogue between the data collected and the formative memories of the interviewees. The reference on the use of narrative-interviews as research data was by Schütze and Bom Meihy. The choice of the interviewees, as former students of normal courses and currently teaching research teachers, has not only retrieved information, but memories permeated by reflection, which is a daily part of the research activities carried out by the researcher in education. It was verified through methodological triangulation with Gomes and Minayo reference that pedagogical practices carried out in normal schools between 1950 and 1970 reflected the national-developmental policy of that moment, with intense social control of the Brazilian State, through the feminization of teaching career. The educational ideology was from progressive education, but with strong influences of the traditional pedagogy. The performance of the Teaching Practice teacher was considered a key element for the teacher training of students of the normal course, who in their narratives recognized the relevance of this discipline. This study promoted the understanding of the organization of pedagogical practices in normal schools in São Paulo and the influences received from Pedagogy and public policies for the training of multipurpose teachers. It is hoped that the results obtained in this research can contribute with historical elements and reflections that give origin to new studies on teacher education in the Brazilian context. Keywords: