O papel da ciência e da tecnologia na governança ambiental global

Abstract

This research addresses a theme highlighted in the debate on environmental international Law, the role of scientific and technological knowledge as one of the relevant approaches on the role of global environmental governance, as an element that, over the years, has proved to be a key guiding principle. decision-making, not only in the purely negotiating aspect, either in regional, national and transnational environments, as a tool capable of generating political strategies for continuity and partnerships, which is embodied in international regimes. The approach to the form and relevance of the role of science and technology as precursors of knowledge and techniques necessary for the creation, maintenance and implementation of regimes is done under the aspect of instrumentalizing the governance process. The objective of the thesis is to understand the instrumentalization, possibilities and limitations of the application of scientific knowledge for the construction and maintenance of the governance and effectiveness of international regimes. To achieve the proposed objective, the methodology was defined as a qualitative and exploratory research. It was adopted as an assumption that international Law does not need to be discussed, but the application of science and technology in international regimes, as an instrument of international Law, requires an analysis of its articulation in international Law. Based on the document review, the documents relating to the Montreal Protocol and Vienna Convention, relating to the protection of the ozone layer, were specifically analyzed; and United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), Kyoto Protocol and Paris Agreement, in addition to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change / Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), regarding the contribution of technique, technology and science elements of international regimes. The results showed that science and technology, through knowledge and technique, encourage the emergence of ways to face environmental issues, including instruments, procedures and standards of international environmental Law that constitute the legal and political framework necessary to conduct international regimes. Among the instruments that can be adopted in this dynamic, paradiplomacy and Soft Power stand out as ways of conducting negotiations at a global level, which encompasses the actors in their multiplicity and spheres of participation, which also contributes to legitimize the autonomy of States and their authorities, for the scientific, technical, technological and political organization of actions to face environmental issues. With the participation of members and actors of science and technology in each of the conventions, either as a board advisor, or as more active participants, in order to guarantee a more neutral view in relation to each activity, to mediate and harmonize the conduct between politics and science itself, not of doing science with politics, but of doing politics with science, understanding the interrelationships that exist in this path of global environmental governance.