Aspectos e perspectivas do direito ao acesso à informação sobre prevenção ao HIV entre adolescentes e jovens nas escolas

Abstract

Introduction: Tackling HIV has been a global challenge for over 40 years. A large part of society is involved, with great effort, in order to contain the spread of the virus and promote a better quality of life for people living with HIV. The right of access to information on HIV prevention among adolescents and young people in schools is essential in this confrontation. This work seeks to identify the interrelated rights in this scenario within the scope of human rights. Objective: To identify the scenario of the right of access to information on HIV prevention among adolescents and young people in schools. Methodological Procedures: A scoping review was performed using the Arksey and O'Malley framework. Search the Pubmed bibliographic database to identify studies on HIV information among adolescents and youth in school. The time frame included publications between the period 2011 to 2022. The search in the database resulted in 1,187 publications, with scientific productions involving different regional contexts not only in Brazil, and the full reading of the 30 selected articles was carried out. For the extraction of categories, the model proposed by Gruskin, Mills and Tarantola (2007) was used, following a deductive logic guided by the concepts of availability, accessibility, acceptability, quality and results. To analyze the results, the Human Rights framework was used. Results: The analyzed studies were carried out between 2003 and 2019, due to an intervention that lasted 7 years and grouped by continents: African (16 articles), Asian (6 articles), American (4 studies), European (4 studies) . The populations studied predominantly included students and some studies also purposely selected teachers and key informants. Few studies reported religion, the most cited being Christianity. Most studies (23) were qualitative. Discussion: After analyzing the results, four categories emerged: (1) Availability (offer of resources available by schools to adolescents and young people regarding information on HIV prevention), (2) Accessibility (information taught to adolescents and young people in schools), (3) Acceptability (information taught to adolescents and young people in schools), (4) Quality (best level of evidence, according to the gold standard of science). Conclusion: We perceive gaps in the scenario of the right to access information on HIV prevention among adolescents and young people in schools, requiring an intersectoral debate with the government and civil society. Strategic actions aimed at young people are necessary so that schools can collaborate, even more, in the development of people aware of their behaviors and practices, free from judgments and discrimination, through more culturally significant strategies for adolescents and young people.