Desafios ao direito internacional : o direito internacional no enfrentamento dos interesses do Ocidente no Oriente Médio frente a nova arquitetura mundial de governança.

Abstract

This dissertation proposes a critical analysis of the role of International Law in the promotion of peace, with a specific focus on the tensions between universal legal principles and the strategic interests of the West in the Middle East, Starting from the hypothesis that International Law, although conceived as an instrument of impartial regulation, is often instrumentalized by hegemonic powers, the research problematizes selectivity in the application of international norms and the impacts of this selectivity on regional stability and the sovereignty of the states involved. The work is inserted in the field of International Relations and International Law studies, articulating perspectives of postcolonial theory and legal criticism to demonstrate how the rhetoric of peace sometimes disguises mechanisms of political and economic domination. Using a qualitative approach, of a theoretical-analytical nature, the research uses case studies and documentary analysis to illustrate how certain interventions are legitimized based on Western legal discourses that, while promoting values such as human rights and international security, weaken local structures and deepen conflicts. The Middle East is taken as a paradigmatic space of this contradiction: a region where energy disputes, geopolitical rivalries and competing civilizing projects intersect, which highlights the limits of International Law as a neutral tool for mediation and pacification. The dissertation seeks, therefore, to stress the idealized view of the international legal order, questioning to what extent it has been effective or convenient. The research contributes to the debate on the reconstruction of an International Law that is more sensitive to the plurality of peripheral voices and realities, capable of balancing the promotion of rights.