Associação entre desfechos perinatais e monóxido de carbono atmosférico no Município de Campina Grande no período de 2007 a 2011

Abstract

Introduction - Several studies have demonstrated an association between air pollution and adverse effects of pregnancy-related low birth weight (LBW) and preterm delivery, affecting growth and neurological development. This association has contributed to intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), likely to cause over time various diseases in adulthood. Objective - This study aimed to investigate the association between low birth weight and premature birth and maternal exposure to carbon monoxide (CO) in Campina Grande -PB, Brazil. Methods - This is a population longitudinal study, investigating all newborn babies of women living in Campina Grande, Paraiba, Brazil, from 2007 to 2011. The birth data were obtained from the Live Birth Information System (SINASC) of the Ministry of Health. The exposure information was provided by CATT- BRAMS - SISAM. The associations between the outcomes of interest and changes in CO concentrations, controlling for several risk factors during pregnancy were done using the regression models univariate and multiple logistic, using trimesters of pregnancy as display windows. The level of significance was 5%. The study covered 31,030 births from 1st. January 2007 to 31 December 2011. Results - The low birth weight accounted for 8.1% of all newborns. Prematurity was observed in 21.8% of all newborns. To BPN was increased risks of maternal exposure to CO in the 1st., 2nd. and 3rd. quarter respectively of: (RR 1.59, 95% CI 1.34; 1.89), (RR 1.58, 95% CI 1.30; 1.92) and (RR 1.34, 95% CI 1, 21; 1.54). To prematurity, the risks to the 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy were RR 1.50; 95% CI 0.61; 3.66), 0.47 RR and CI 0.26; 8.69) and (RR 0.97 CI 0.12; 7.81). The variables settings included in multiple models were maternal age, marital status, pre-natal, childbirth and sex. Conclusion - This study suggests that exposure to CO, even below the standard of air quality in Brazil, for BPN outcome contributes to risk of low birth weight in all the analyzed quarters. Prematurity outcome for the risk of this exposure effect was only observed in the 1st. trimester. The use of CATT-BRAMS data can be an important tool in areas where monitoring stations are not available, although these models are preliminary, needing a validation.