Prevalência do papilomavírus humano em pacientes HIV positivo e fatores associados.

Abstract

The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the etiological agent of one of the most frequent sexually transmissible diseases, which has been showing an increasing incidence in society, especially in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Since it is considered one of the major co-factors of cervical cancer, HPV is nowadays an serious public health problem. There is an urgent need to understand the evolution, prevention and early detection of HPV and its precursor lesions, as well as its relationship with HIV. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of HPV infection in HIV positive women. This is a cross-sectional study carried out in the Clementino Fraga, Hospital Complex in the city of João Pessoa, with a sample composed of 824 medical records of women with diagnostic confirmation of HIV infection. In order to collect information, a questionnaire was used to obtain sociodemographic, behavioral, immunological and therapeutic data related to HIV and HPV infection. Data analysis was subsidized by the STATA and SPSS programs, with hypotheses tested using the Pearson's Chi-square and the Fisher's Exact Test, with a p-value of 0.05 and multiple analysis performed using Poisson regression. The results showed that 20.1% of HIV-positive women, who consulted a gynecologist, also had HPV infection. In the multiple analysis, a positive association between detectable viral load and HPV infection was observed. Women with detectable viral load demonstrate approximately five times more chances of having HPV (95% of de IC:1,8;12,3) and a reason prevalence of 4,7. The high of CD4 cell counts has been identified as a protective factor for infection in the simple analysis, with a reason prevalence of 0,54 (95% of IC:0,3;0,9). The increased risk of the population, coupled with low knowledge about HIV and HPV, indicates the need for more education about these STDs, as well as future studies that need to deepen the knowledge of the different profiles of HIV-HPV coinfection in scenarios of attention to Sexually Transmitted Infections.