Caracterização epidemiológica da sífilis na gestação e congênita no Estado da Paraíba (2008-2017)

Abstract

Syphilis is inserted in the world as a serious public health problem and one of the main concerns about difficulties in control is the infection of women of reproductive age, which can cause congenital syphilis through vertical transmission. Considering the relevance of syphilis in pregnancy and congenital syphilis in the field of public health and the need to better understand the local reality, the aim of this study was to analyze the epidemiological aspects of gestational and congenital syphilis in the State of Paraíba, from data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (NDIS) from 2008 to 2017. This is a cross-sectional study, with a quantitative approach, using secondary data, based on NDIS with the study of 3,434 notifications. From the notification/investigation forms of congenital syphilis and in pregnant women, demographic, socioeconomic, clinical and laboratory information was collected. The descriptive analysis of the data was performed using the software R 3.5.2 and two logistic regression models were adjusted to analyze the factors associated with the treatment of syphilis, considering the significance level (¿) of 5%. The results showed tendency to increasing incidence over the years, both for syphilis in pregnant women and for syphilis in children. Regarding syphilis in pregnant women, most women were aged between 21 and 30 years old, with notification in the third trimester of pregnancy, of primary clinical classification, with non-treponemal reagent test and treated with benzylpenicillin. As for congenital syphilis, most cases were registered in João Pessoa (56.34%), 84.7% of the notifications the mothers received prenatal care and 47.31% received the diagnosis of maternal syphilis during prenatal care. In children, laboratory data exhibit a reagent result in 75% of cases for the non-treponemal test. As for evolution, in 84.3% of cases the child remains alive, while only 2.3% are victims of deaths from congenital syphilis. This scenario of syphilis in pregnant women and congenital in Paraíba shows a progressive ascendancy in the investigated period and this panorama rise the urgent strengthening of health promotion measures, stimulating the co-responsibility of the population in the adoption of preventive measures for syphilis. Notwithstanding, health agencies should expand actions and services aimed at sexual and reproductive health, especially with regard to prenatal care, favoring better accessibility conditions for the population.