O Instituto Dona Escolástica Rosa e o testamento de João Octávio dos Santos (1899-1933)

Abstract

This research integrates the studies of the thematic axis Educational Institutions, History, Politics and Management Processes, linked to LIAME - Laboratory of Information, Archive and Memory of Education and intends to investigate the historical processes that led to the creation of the Dona Escolástica Rosa Institute from the Testament of João Octávio dos Santos. The general objective of this study is to understand the reasons why João Octávio dos Santos left in his testament recorded the desire to build an Institute with principles of benevolence, destined to the intellectual and professional education of orphaned boys, as a place of shelter and school, offering the old primary and crafts. The specific objectives: to analyze the participation of Júlio Conceição (1864-1938), executor of João Octávio in the construction of the Institute; analyze the influence of the Dona Anna Rosa Institute in the city of São Paulo towards the construction of the Dona Escolástica Rosa Institute in Santos; analyze the rules of the Dona Escolástica Rosa institute. The problem is to identify the reasons why the Institute did not proceed along the lines set out in the testament - principles of benevolence - desired by its benefactor. The methodological procedure adopted analyzes the adopted educational proposal and social relations. The Institute was created in 1899, the year of registration of the testament of João Octávio dos Santos and opened in the city of Santos at the beginning of the 20th century, in January 1908; period marked by political economic crises and unsanitary conditions in the city. In the research, aspects related to social policies, Santos urbanization, the building construction project, the Institute's educational proposal and its trajectory will be considered. The research covers written and iconographic documents, located in archives and collections existing in the municipality of Santos and São Paulo, in articles published in periodicals and the study of bibliographic references on the historiography of education. It is an important part of this research to identify the actions developed for the construction and transformation of the Institute in a school space. The historical landmark is the period from 1899 to 1933, a period in which the Institute complied with principles of benevolence, after that period, the Institute had significant changes in its initial configuration, both in the structure of the building and in the pedagogical model and target audience. The Institute was designed to offer free, moral, civic, intellectual and professional education. To this end, João Octávio dos Santos, it had been stated in the testamento that the Institute should be built at the expense of its inheritance and, inspired by the Dona Anna Rosa Institute in the city of São Paulo, this one, opened in the 19th century. The name of the Institute, according to the testament, was intended to perpetuate the memory of his mother, the slave Escolástica Rosa de Oliveira, name thus declared in the testament, and the construction should be done in the farm where he lived, at the Ponta da Praia branch , following strict school hygiene criteria, designed by the architect Ramos de Azevedo's office (1851-1928). The testament, containing five pages, was registered on December 12, 1899 electing the Brotherhood of Santa Casa de Santos as the institution responsible for the administration of part of its assets and the Institute, named as executor of its , Júlio Conceição (1864- 1938). The building, from its construction to the present day, belongs to the Brotherhood of Santa Casa de Santos and, currently it is deactivated due to the conditions of the structure. The building is listed at the Municipal level - CONDEPASA and CONDEPHAAT - Government of the State of São Paulo. The management of the Irmandade Santa Casa de Santos did not disclose the destination of the use of space.