Perfil epidemiológico das malformações congênitas no Estado da Paraíba: um estudo analítico entre os anos de 2021 e 2019. Onde foi desenvolvido: Estado da Paraíba-Brasil

Abstract

Congenital Anomalies (CA) can be defined as all functional or structural changes in fetal development, whose origin occurs before birth. They have been gaining importance in recent years as they are becoming the main cause of infant mortality in the world. In Brazil, they represent around 2 to 5% of all births. The research aims to analyze the epidemiological profile of CA occurred among live births in the State of Paraíba and its distribution in the mesoregions, from 2010 to 2019. The study was a transversal and analytical type of secondary basis, from records obtained in the Information System on Live Births (SINASC, in the Portuguese acronym). Data were analyzed using the SPSS Statistics Base 22.0 program for Windows, in order to create tables containing the absolute and percentage values of maternal and newborn variables. The results showed the occurrence of 579,170 live births, and 559,500 newborns had the DNV duly answered about the existence of CA, out of these, 4,775 newborns had some type of congenital anomaly, which represents an occurrence of 0.85% of BC among 559,500 live births. Congenital foot malformations were the most frequent statewide with 325 cases (5.8%). Concerning the distribution by mesoregions, the lowest rate was observed in Sertão with 4.7/1000 NV, and the highest rate was found in Zona da Mata with 11.7/1000 NV. The greatest chance for CA occurrence was observed in mothers with maternal age above 35 years (odds ratio [OR]=1.4; confidence interval [CI95%] 1.31-1.60), in mothers in common-law marriage (OR=1.77; 95%CI 1.64-1.91), in the existence of pregnancy of a stillborn child (OR=1.19; 95%CI 1.10-1.28), in double type pregnancy (OR =1.51; 95%CI 1.26-1.81); we observed a greater chance in indigenous mothers (OR=1.80; 95%CI 1.23-2.64) as well as in mothers who had 8 to 11 years of schooling (OR=1.19; 95%CI 1.07-1.32). In relation to the newborn, it was observed male predominance of CA (OR=1.43; 95%CI 1.34 - 1.52). It was concluded that the prevalence of CA is high in the state of Paraíba, and that its occurrence varies according to the sociodemographic conditions of the region.