Análise da segurança da informação da cobertura vacinal de difteria, coqueluche e tétano e sarampo, caxumba e rubéola para o período de 2016 a 2021

Abstract

Introduction: Information is considered a resource for decision-making, as well as for the formulation of public policies. Immunization is one of the effective strategies for public health policies. Information security (accurate information) becomes essential for decision-making and/or public policy formulation. Objective: To analyze the Information Security of the Information System of the National Immunization Program, covering Diphtheria, Pertussis, and Tetanus and Measles, Mumps, and Rubella for the period from 2016 to 2021. Methodology: A mixed ecological study that uses information on administered doses obtained from the National Immunization Program Information System (SIPNI), live birth data obtained from the Information System on Live Births (SINASC), and mortality data obtained from the Mortality Information System (SIM) provided by the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS). Socioeconomic, demographic, and environmental information was obtained from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (SIDRA - IBGE). Vaccination coverages (CV) for DPT: Diphtheria, Pertussis, and Tetanus and MMR: Measles, Mumps, and Rubella were calculated for the first and second doses. A descriptive analysis of all study variables was performed. For the analysis of the spatial dynamics of vaccination coverage of each immunobiological by study year, thematic maps were developed using the Geographic Information System (GIS). The statistical packages used were SPSS 24.0 for Windows and QGIZ 4.0. Results: The regionalized analysis revealed the specificities of each region. While the Northern region showed a progressive reduction in DPT CV, the Southeast region had a sharp drop in 2019 after reaching a peak in 2018. These regional discrepancies point to the need for specific strategies, taking into account local challenges and contexts. When presenting the municipal analysis, an increasing number of municipalities are not meeting the established targets. Conversely, some other municipalities exceed this index by values higher than 120%, with peaks over 200%. There are cases where 87% of Brazilian municipalities did not meet the established target of 95% for CV. There is a statistically significant association between inadequate CV and Brazilian regions during the analyzed period, as indicated by the Chi-square test. Conclusion: The study demonstrated the CV of DPT, MMR1, and MMR2 for the period from 2016 to 2021 through a broad and detailed perspective of trends in Brazil. The information presented indicates a decrease in CV in various regions.