Do urbanismo sanitarista ao planejamento urbano estratégico, em Santos/SP : o (re)significado das funções sociais da propriedade e da cidade.

Abstract

The fulfillment of the social functions of the property and of the city in the city of Santos / SP, was evaluated from the beginning of the process of urbanization and the construction of the modern city, in the late nineteenth century to the present day, based on the analysis of the main public policies, implemented through the norms, urban plans and programs, which were inserted in a periodization of urbanism, based on Villaça (1999), being defined 4 periods: Sanitary Urbanism, from 1894 to 1922, Functional Urbanism, from 1922 to 1989, Participative Urbanism, from 1989 to 1998 and Strategic Urban Planning, from 1998. For a fuller understanding, the origin and transformation of the property, as well as the social functions of the property were evaluated and of the city, in the West and in Brazil, always permeated by the ideological question, which in turn is legitimized by the norm. Also analyzed were the Sanitary and Urbanistic Plans of Saturnino de Brito, emblematic plans for the influence of the positivist and modernist current and the controversy caused in the confrontation of the private property issue, overlapping urban planning (public interest). An overview was drawn of the later periods until the present moment, when the social functions of property and of the city became the keys of the urban policy promulgated by the Statute of the City. It was analyzed the fulfillment of the social functions, within its present conception of social justice, in all the periods and it was concluded that the social inequality, existing from the beginning of the occupation of Santos, is related to the public policies, among them the politics even though it has fulfilled its social functions in some moments, is still influenced by ideological interests, which overlaps with the public interest and conceals the preterity of the State.