O brincar livre dos bebês em espaços potencializadores do desenvolvimento motor

Abstract

The act of playing is the most truthful method in the childhood, and it has a meaningful role in the child´s growth. Throughout playing, the baby discovers the world around him, his body, the spaces and the culture. The Pikler´s Approach sees the child as a strong being, capable of developing independently, as long as, they have a safe and strong bond with their caregivers/educators. Based on these requirements, having opportunities for free exploration, respecting time and space, the child is able to play freely while developing her motor skills. The main goal of the current research is to investigate the effectiveness of the free play proposed by Pikler as a potential factor that enhances the motor development of babies in a nursery classroom at a public school located in Santos. The methods used were field study, survey, and case study. As well as the data collection tools, included a Sociodemographic Questionnaire, it was used for the initial assessment, applied to 8 participating families, to gather personal, occupational, financial, and relevant pregnancy, childbirth, postpartum, and baby health data. Families also completed the AHMED-IS Scale, which assessed the opportunities for spaces, toys, and objects offered to children in the home environment. The babies were evaluated using the Bayley III Scale in five domains: cognitive, language, motor, socioemotional, and adaptive behavior, with only the motor domain being used for this research. Based on the evaluations, interventions were conducted in the classroom space and the materials provided to the babies at the school in order to address weaknesses and/or further develop potential skills. According to the results, eight baby cases were finished. The research also includes a literature review on theoretical parameters for the motor development of babies aged 0 to 2 years old, as well as the concepts of free play and motor development in Pikler´s Approach, and the legal frameworks and public policies regarding rights and the conception of childhood. As technical outputs, the research provided a manual on free play and free movement of babies for the families, a sensory kit and unstructured materials for babies, and an e-book about the Inspirations from Pikler´s Approach in the educational practice of babies in daycare, which includes interventions implemented in spaces, materials provided to the babies, and a case study report.