Valores estéticos da arquitetura escolar como símbolos republicanos : um portal para a historiografia da educação no Litoral Paulista.

Abstract

This research aims to investigate the symbols and aesthetic values inserted in republican school architecture, which appeared at the turn of the 19th century to the 20th century, as a means of producing knowledge for the caiçara community. The object of investigation is the current school building of Etec Dra. Ruth Cardoso in the municipality of São Vicente/SP; this school building brings within itself a significant historiographical path for education; which has occurred since its implementation and construction of the "Escola do Povo" (1893-1898), its transformation into the First "Grupo Escolar de São Vicente" (1913) and its successive changes throughout the 20th century. If the school groups were designed to unify an educational project in the implementation of the Brazilian republic; We can believe that the bourgeois coffee city on the coast of São Paulo sought to civilize and educate the caiçara community; through the aesthetics and symbols used: in the project, through standardization, in the insertion and use: of the building, furniture and school uniform; with precepts of control, discipline and hygiene.The theoretical foundation sought to explore the contributions of different authors in relation to different aspects related to research. Among them, the following stand out: Viñao Frago with Escolano Benito (2001) - Spanish panorama and Faria Fº - national panorama (2014), which highlight issues underlying school architecture and its role in the construction of individuals' identity and educational experience. These authors help to address issues related to the physical space of the school, its influence on educational and cultural formation, as well as its relevance as an object of study in this research. The methodology adopted is of an exploratory nature of a qualitative and bibliographic nature regarding the theme and subjects covered in this investigation, which made it possible to map different sources: such as private and public documents: written and iconographic, materials published in the written and virtual press, collected in the existing archive collections in the Baixada Santista region. The investigation process sought to qualify the aesthetic values and present the characteristics of republican symbols connected to school architecture and thus understand the social, political, economic and cultural relations operating in the region, and their specificities with the caiçara community. The analysis process made it possible to identify how the sensibilities, emotions and affections of republican ideology constituted the primary school model on the coast of São Paulo; not only as a material production, but also a great bearer of symbols expressed in the production of knowledge; which required a more attentive look at the subject, something that is beyond materiality; because it is also a great carrier of meaning.