Implementação dos objetivos de desenvolvimento sustentável (ODS) no Município de Cubatão - São Paulo : desafios e perspectivas

Abstract

The Global Agenda proposed by the UN in 2015, ratified by 169 countries, represents a fundamental milestone for building a sustainable future for humanity. However, it is clear that, in many countries, the goals and commitments of the 2030 Agenda have not yet been effectively implemented. In Brazil, the effort to integrate these Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) into the local context has been carried out mainly through initiatives in the municipalities. Within this scenario, this research proposes to analyze the implementation of the SDGs in the city of Cubatão-SP, investigating the strategies adopted, the progress achieved, as well as the challenges faced in the process. The analysis was conducted using the hypothetical-deductive method, which combines a bibliographic review and analysis of the pertinent regulatory framework, with a field survey conducted among the main actors involved in local implementation. By examining public policies and actions taken by the municipal administration, the research identified both the solutions already adopted and the barriers that still hinder the full compliance with the 2030 Agenda in the municipality. The research considered initiatives that demonstrate the effectiveness of sustainable actions promoted by local communities and the importance of social mobilization for the achievement of the SDGs. In addition, collaboration with external entities, such as state and federal agencies, and the role of public-private partnerships in the implementation of policies were evaluated. The overall objective of the research was not only to map the biggest challenges faced by Cubatão in the process of implementing the SDGs, but also to propose practical solutions that can contribute to the advancement of these goals in the municipality. The research concluded that Cubatão is initiative to voluntarily adopt the SDGs is positive, but its implementation is in its early stages, requiring greater strengthening, expansion of partnerships and internal administrative reorganization. The Municipal Commission was successful in uniting different agents, disseminating the topic and grouping sustainable projects. However, the municipality still faces major socioeconomic challenges due to its history of industrial exploitation, requiring a more specific approach to ensure the effective achievement of the SDGs. Therefore, the research suggests the creation of a Municipal SDG Implementation Plan, transforming voluntary action into mandatory through a normative instrument, with defined responsibilities for municipal agencies and budgetary provision to guarantee the necessary resources. It also highlights the need to review indicators, as in the case of SDGs 7, 9 and 14, to make the goals more precise. Effective implementation still depends on the integration of technical and social knowledge, financial investments and partnerships. The research confirms that, despite Cubatão is historical difficulties, overcoming these barriers is possible, with political commitment and the integration of public policies being essential. In addition, strengthening community participat ion and creating channels of communication with the population are essential for democratic governance. The research reaffirms that, although the municipality faces budgetary limitations and fragmented public policies, the prospects for progress in implementing the SDGs are viable, especially with the construction of strategic partnerships and the commitment of local leaders.